Palestine-Israel Conflict

 Palestine-Israel Conflict

Introduction:

In the Levant, there is a continuing military and political war between Israel and the Palestinians. It is one of the longest-running conflicts in history, starting in the middle of the 20th century. Following Israeli military control of the West Bank and Gaza, collectively referred to as the Palestinian territories, during the 1967 Six-Day War, the current Israeli Palestinian situation was established. As part of the peace process between Israel and the Palestinians, numerous initiatives have been made to resolve the conflict. 

Israeli Far-Right Government And 2023 War (2022–Present): 

Following the election of the 37th government of Israel in November 2022—an alliance led by Benjamin Netanyahu and characterized by the presence of far-right politicians—violence in the conflict escalated. Events like the incursions into Jenin in January, June, and July of 2023, the shooting of Neve Yaakov in 2023, the clashes in Al-Aqsa in 2023, and the clashes between Gaza and Israel in May of 2023, along with Palestinian political violence, have resulted in the highest death toll in the conflict since 2005. Hundreds of Israeli civilians were killed and hostages were taken during the surprise onslaught on southern Israel by militant organizations commanded by Hamas from the Gaza Strip in 2023, which marked the culmination of this conflict. In retaliation, the Israeli military launched a massive aerial bombardment campaign on targets in Gaza. This was followed by a protracted ground invasion of Gaza, which was intended to topple Hamas and take control of the territory. 

Current Status:

Up until now, the "two-state solution" has served as the foundation of the peace process, although doubts have been expressed about both parties' commitment to resolving the conflict. The following data was cited in an article by American entrepreneur S. Daniel Abraham, who founded the Center for Middle East Peace in Washington, US, and appeared on the Atlantic magazine website in March 2013: "At this point, there are just under 12 million Jews and Arabs living in Israel, the West Bank, and Gaza combined. Currently, Jews make up little about 50% of the population. 

Israel's Settlements Policy: 

The European Union has sharply condemned Israel's policies and growth of settlements in the Palestinian territories, describing them as a threat to the two-state solution's viability and a betrayal of Israel's declared intention to continue discussions. Russia saw this as a "historic step" when all of the regional groups on the UN Security Council declared in December 2011 that the ongoing development of settlements and settler violence would impede any attempts at resuming negotiations. A plan to legitimize settler outposts and publish bids for more settler homes were two of the Israeli policies that further entrenched Jewish settlements in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and caused international anger in April 2012. According to Britain, Israel's promises under the road map to halt all settlement development in the land it has taken since 1967 were broken by this action. "Systematic, illegal Israeli settlement activity poses the most significant and live threat to the viability of the two-state solution," declared the British Foreign Minister. The European Union's 27 foreign ministers denounced the ongoing violence and incitement by Israeli settlers in a statement released in May 2012. Likewise, the Quartet called on Israel "to take effective measures, including bringing the culprits of such acts to justice," expressing "its concern over ongoing settler violence and incitement in the West Bank." According to the PA Cabinet's statement on the matter, which was obtained by the Palestinian Ma'an News agency, there has been "an escalation in incitement and settler violence against our people with a clear protection from the occupation military" across the West, including East Jerusalem. The final one was the thousands-strong march of settlers through East Jerusalem, where there were signs encouraging violence and hatred. 

Israeli Military Police: 

Amnesty International claimed in a report released in February 2014 that Israeli forces used heedless brutality in the West Bank and that in several cases they appeared to be committing deliberate killings that would have been considered war crimes. The report covered occurrences that occurred over the three years of 2011–2013. In addition to the many deaths, Amnesty International said that Israeli use of live bullets had seriously injured at least 261 Palestinians, including 67 children. 45 Palestinians, including 6 children, have died during this same time. After analyzing 25 civilian deaths, Amnesty International found that there was never any indication that the Palestinians posed a serious threat. Simultaneously, nearly 8,000 Palestinians sustained severe injuries from different weapons, such as metal bullets covered in rubber. The only soldier found guilty was an IDF member who killed a Palestinian who was trying to enter Israel illegally. The soldier received a one-year sentence with a five-month suspension in addition to being demoted. In response to the accusations, the IDF said that its army carried itself "to the highest of professional standards" and that it looked into and intervened "where appropriate" in cases where it suspected wrongdoing. 

United Nations And Palestinian Statehood: 

The PLO has fought for the state of Palestine to be recognized on its 1967 borders and to have full membership status in the UN. Though it has been criticized by the US and Israel for allegedly avoiding diplomatic negotiation, the campaign has garnered broad support While Abbas has maintained that the two-state solution is "undermining the realistic potential" due to the ongoing construction of Israeli-Jewish settlements, Netanyahu has attacked the Palestinians for allegedly attempting to evade direct negotiations. In late 2012, the UN General Assembly overwhelmingly endorsed the de facto recognition of sovereign Palestine by giving non-member state status, notwithstanding the UN Security Council's denial of full member status for Palestine. 

Public Attitudes Towards Peace: 

As of 2024, polling data on support for the two-state solution among Israelis and Palestinians has yielded inconsistent findings. A minority of Jewish Israelis (32 percent) advocate maintaining the status quo, while many are in favor of a two-state solution with the Palestinians. Around 60% of Palestinians (around 77% in the Gaza Strip and 46% in the West Bank) favor using force to attack Israelis within Israel to end the occupation, while 70% think that Israeli settlements have rendered a two-state solution unfeasible. More than two-thirds of Israeli Jews believe that Palestinians living in the West Bank shouldn't be allowed to vote if Israel were to seize the region. 

Actions Towards Stabilizing The Conflict:

• Between Israel And The PLO: 

Israel does not recognize the State of Palestine, although it does recognize "the PLO as the representative of the Palestinian people" as of 1993 when the Oslo peace process began. It was decided that in exchange, Palestinians would support Israel's recognition among their people, reject violence, and encourage peaceful coexistence. Some Palestinian factions persist in using violence against civilians and advocating for it, even after Yasser Arafat formally repudiated terrorism and acknowledged Israel as a legitimate political entity. Palestinians claim that Israeli restrictions on their political, economic, civil, and daily freedoms have severely hindered their ability to promote acceptance of Israel. 

•  Of Israel As A Jewish State:

Although Palestine still recognizes Israel as a state, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas has declined in recent years to acknowledge Israel as a Jewish state, citing concerns for Israeli Arabs and a potential right of return for Palestinian refugees. What some Israeli pundits perceive as "destroying the Jewish state" is the chairman of al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades, the official military wing of Fatah, saying that any peace deal must include the right of return for Palestinian refugees into areas that are currently under Israel. In the Palestinian Legislative Council, where it still holds a majority, Hamas emerged victorious in 2006. Although Hamas officials have discussed long-term truces with Israel in exchange for an end to the occupation of Palestinian territories, Hamas' charter explicitly declares that they aim for Israel's destruction.

Palestinian Government:  

Some Palestinians are among the many people who view the Palestinian Authority as corrupt. Some Israelis contend that because of its ties to Hamas and other Islamic militant movements, it implicitly supports militants and, as such, is unfit to lead any future Palestinian state or, particularly in the view of the right-wing of Israeli politics, even engage in negotiations regarding the nature of such a state. As a result, several groups, including the Likud party, which had previously ruled, said they would not recognize a Palestinian state based on the current PA.

• Palestinian Security Apparatus: 

Beginning in 2006, the US started offering, giving out, and training the security forces of the Palestinian Authority, which had been collaborating with Israel in the West Bank at never-before-seen levels to subdue Hamas supporters.[186] Building and training the Palestinian National Security Forces and Presidential Guard has cost the US government more than $500 million. In the event of a conflict, the IDF argues that US-trained forces will soon be able to "overrun small IDF outposts and isolated Israeli communities." 

Views On Dialogue Versus Violence:  

Those who advocate for conflict resolution are concerned about the societal views in both Israel and Palestine.

 Palestinians from the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, were asked in a June 2022 poll by the Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research "Which of the following means is the most effective means of ending the Israeli occupation and building an independent state." Of those surveyed, 50% supported "armed struggle," 22% preferred negotiations until an agreement could be reached, and 21% supported non-violent popular resistance. 37% of respondents disagree, citing the violent attack within Israel by Palestinians not associated with recognized armed groups as a factor in ending the occupation. People who work in the public sector, live in the Gaza Strip, are young, students, low-income workers, and supporters of Hamas are more likely to think that armed attacks serve the interests of the country. Of Palestinians, 22% are in favor of an unconditional restart of discussions with Israel and 69% are against it. Of Palestinians, 29% are in favor of resuming talks with the next US administration led by Joe Biden, while 65% are against it. 

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